【主讲】管汉晖 副教授 (北京大学经济学院)
【主题】Why did the Civil Service Exam System replace the Hereditary System In Tang China: Land Equalization, Social Mobility, and Bureaucracy System Transformation
【时间】2014年12月31日 (周三) 15：30-17：00
【地点】上海财经大学经济学院楼602室
【语言】中文
【摘要】The Civil Service Exam System in Imperial China, which is the earliest Official Selection System in the world, and also is foundation of the Civil Servant System of western countries, appeared in replace of the Hereditary System in Tang Dynasty (618-907). This paper seeks for the economic driving force behind this political institutions transformation. We find that the implementation of Land Equalization policy could explain why bureaucracy system transformation happened in Tang China. The long-term enforcement of Land Equalization policy eroded economic base of aristocrat groups as well as their monopoly political power; therefore, social structure became more horizontal than in the aristocrat and hereditary system. For this reason, the aristocrat groups had to share political power with elites selected from the populace by means of examination, which induced bureaucracy system transformation. Probit regression using a newly-constructed dataset from first-hand biographies provided solid empirical evidence for our conjectures, and IV estimation verifies that the relationship is causal. Our finding suggests that only if economic factor changed social structure thoroughly, it could lead to momentous political institution transition.
